Methods: Serial dilutions of perfluorooctanoid acid, 1H,1H,7H-dodecafluoro-1- heptanol, 1H,1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorooctane, 1H perfluorooctan; ethylbenzene, paraxylene, perfluotobutyfurane, and hexafluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane were tested by direct contact cytotoxicity test using BALB3T3 and ARPE19 cell lines, after application on 59% of the area for 24 h.

Results: Traces of paraxylene, ethylbenzene, and PFOA (≤30ppm) induced severe toxicity in both cell lines. Hexafluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane and H,1H,7H-Dodecafluoro-1-heptanol were cytotoxic at approximately 10000 ppm. 1H perfluorooctan was cytotoxic at approximately 60000 ppm. High concentrations of 1H,1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorooctane and perfluotobutyfurane were not cytotoxic.

Conclusions: Six out of eight perfluorocarbon manufacturing process residuals showed cytotoxicity in the direct contact test according to ISO 10993-5. Paraxylene, ethylbenzene, and PFOA were the most cytotoxic compounds. 1H,1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorooctane and perfluotobutyfurane were not cytotoxic.

Abstract: A 13-year retrospective chart review of 5,097 consecutive cases that underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and retinal tamponade with GOT SF6 multi or GOT C3F8 (AL.CHI.MI.A. S.r.l.) according to the specific case, in a tertiary referral center in Turkey was performed. Age at onset, sex, laterality, associated systemic diseases, pre- and postoperative visual acuities (VA), indications, type of surgery and outcome of surgery were analyzed. The most common indications for vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) were rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n = 1,802, 35.4%) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n 0 1,505, 29.5%). The most common vitreoretinal technique combinations performed were PPV with encircling endolaser (EL) and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (33,0%)., PPV with encircling EL (30.4%), and only PPV (7.0%). A statistically significant increase in the mean VA was noted at the first- (1.16 ± 0.44 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, logMAR) and sixth-month (1.06 ± 0.61 logMAR) visits when compared to the preoperative VA (1.77 ± 0.58 logMAR; p <  0.001). Comparisons in the top surgical indications, techniques and outcomes for vitrectomy between the countries could be important for the development of subspecialization in VRS.

Abstract: Interactions between perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) or perfluorodecalin (PFD) and heavy silicone oil (HSO, either alkane or ether) were studied in vitro by incubating fluids for 7 days at regulated temperatures.

The samples were divided into two groups: Group A, PFCL (PFO or PFD) + 5 ml of HSO (silicone oil + alkane or ether); Group B, HSO (silicone oil + alkane or ether) without perfluorocarbons (PFCLs).

Each sample was kept at 36°C for 7 days. HSOs were then removed with a 20 G, 7 mm-long cannula under 600 mm Hg of vacuum pressure at two different temperatures: 36 and 22°C. The time needed to remove the oils and the presence of opacity was recorded. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. In vitro, interactions between PFCLs and HSO oil led to the formation of hyper-viscous solutions with significant increase in aspiration time in Group A. (P = 0.006, Kruskal–Wallis test). Temperature was also found to affect HSOs’ saturation, as a decrease in temperature determined an increase in opacity and shear viscosity of the solution (P = 0.02, Kruskal–Wallis test).

No differences between alkane and ether (P = 0.74) and perfluoro-n-octane and perfluorodecalin (P=0.56) was found. In conclusion, interactions between PFCL–HSO and variation in temperature lead to the formation of hyper-viscous solutions that could be described as “sticky oil”.

Abstract: We evaluated 49 eyes of 49 consecutive patients who underwent primary 23-G transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) for RRD between January 2007 and July 2009.

The internal tamponades used in the treatment of RRD included GOT SF6 multi and GOT C3F8 multi (Alchimia, Ponte S. Nicolò, Italy).
Mean follow-up time was 8.9 ± 7.7 months (1-28 months). Retinal reattachment was achieved with a single operation in 47 (95.9%) of 49 eyes.

Mean logMAR visual acuity was 2.01 ± 0.47 preoperatively and 1.3 ± 0.5 postoperatively. Mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 14.1 ± 2.8 mmHg.

Mean postoperative IOP was 12.3 ± 3.6 mmHg at 1 day, 13.1 ± 2.1 mmHg at 1 week, 14.3 ± 2.2 mmHg at 1 month. Iatrogenic peripheral retinal break was observed in 1 eye (2.0% ) intraoperatively. No sutures were required to close the scleral or conjunctival openings, and no eyes required convertion of surgery to 20-G vitrectomy.

Primary 23-G TSV system was observed to be effective and safe in the treatment of RRD.